Qi2 MPP in One Paragraph
The Wireless Power Consortium's Qi2 standard introduced MPP — the Magnetic Power Profile — built around Apple's MagSafe-style magnetic alignment. A ring of alignment magnets snaps TX and RX into position, and power transfers at a fixed 360 kHz instead of the frequency sweep used by older Qi profiles. Fixed frequency means the magnetic sheet behind the coil now works at a single, knowable operating point — which is good news, if your datasheet actually covers it.
Fixed at 360 kHz. MPP operates at 360 kHz. The 127.7 kHz figure you will still see in older articles and some legacy datasheets comes from early MPP drafts and is outdated. When comparing ferrite or nanocrystalline sheets for Qi2, check the μ′/μ″ curves at 360 kHz.
BPP, EPP, MPP: the Frequency Facts
| Profile | Frequency behavior | Alignment | Typical power | What the sheet sees |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qi BPP | Variable, ~110–205 kHz | None (free placement) | ≤ 5 W | Wideband, forgiving |
| Qi EPP | Variable, 87–205 kHz | Optional (guided) | ≤ 15 W | Wideband, FOD-aware |
| Qi2 MPP | Fixed 360 kHz | Magnetic ring, snap-to-align | 15 W (Qi2); 25 W class emerging | Single point, tighter magnetic circuit |
Why the single frequency matters: in a swept system the sheet had to behave reasonably across a whole band; average performance was enough. At 360 kHz fixed, the sheet's permeability at that one point sets coupling, and its losses at harmonics of that point set heating.
What 360 kHz Changes for the Magnetic Sheet
- Characterization point. Ask for μ′ and μ″ at 360 kHz, not only at 100 kHz or 127.7 kHz. A sheet with fine 100 kHz numbers can roll off steeply by 360 kHz.
- Thickness tolerance and flatness. The MPP magnet ring makes the magnetic circuit tighter; gap variation from a warped or out-of-tolerance sheet shows up directly as coupling variation unit-to-unit.
- DC bias from the alignment magnets. The magnet ring biases the sheet magnetically. Saturation induction Bs becomes a real selection parameter — one reason nanocrystalline (Bs 1.25 T) holds up well in thin MPP stacks.
- Thermal budget. Misalignment is rarer with magnets, but partial misalignment still happens — and at a fixed frequency, eddy heating in the housing concentrates at predictable spots. Sheet flux confinement is the lever.
Ferrite vs Nanocrystalline for the MPP Receiver
| Parameter | Ferrite sheet (XAK-WPT class) | Nanocrystalline (XAK F-N) |
|---|---|---|
| μ′ at 100 kHz | ≈ 100–150 (grade-dependent) | ≈ 13,000 |
| Bs | ~0.3–0.5 T class | 1.25 T |
| Practical min. thickness | ~0.3 mm plate | 0.06 mm |
| Flexibility | Rigid plate (flexible polymer-bonded variants exist) | Flexible ribbon, die-cuts to outline |
| Cost | Lower | Higher |
| Choose when… | Stack has ≥0.3 mm; cost-driven consumer build | Stack <0.3 mm; curved housing; thermal margin tight |
There is no electrical loser here — both materials couple MPP well. The honest decision path: measure your Z-height budget, then decide. And if ferrite fits and the program is cost-driven, ferrite is the right answer; we supply both so the recommendation stays honest.
The MPP Module Stack, Layer by Layer
A typical MPP receiver from TX-facing side to battery: TX coil face → RX coil (FPC or wire) → magnetic sheet (ferrite or nanocrystalline) → NFC antenna with its own ferrite sheet (offset from the coil axis) → battery / shield. Two rules that first builds usually violate: keep the NFC sheet's field path clear of the charging coil's axis, and never substitute an absorber sheet for the coupling sheet — absorbers eat the 360 kHz field the same way they eat 13.56 MHz.
Your Drawing Checklist for an MPP Sheet
- Operating point stated explicitly: "characterized at 360 kHz" — not just "for Qi2"
- Thickness with tolerance (±0.02 mm class for thin sheets) and flatness callout
- Outline: DXF preferred; keep-out for the magnet ring and screw bosses marked
- Target inductance or coupling range for the assembled coil+sheet, measured at 360 kHz
- Adhesive system (PSA / double-sided / bare) and operating temperature range
- Quantity split: validation samples vs. pilot-run volumes